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These proceedings comprise 85 articles spanning diverse fields such as bacteriology, molecular biology, biotechnology, dermatology, infectious and parasitic diseases, epidemiology, physiotherapy, immunology, mycology, parasitology, pathology, collective health, and virology. The articles delve into a wide range of research topics, from repurposing drugs for Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections to utilising artificial intelligence for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. In bacteriology, investigations explore the correlation between smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric adenocarcinoma patients, as well as the resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tracheostomised children. Molecular biology studies focus on gene polymorphisms related to diseases like paracoccidioidomycosis. Biotechnology research emphasises bioactive molecules in species like Croton urucurana and the development of computational models for cytotoxicity prediction. Dermatology articles address stability characterisation in vegetable oil-based nanoemulsions. The section on infectious and parasitic diseases encompasses studies on COVID-19 vaccine response in pregnant women and the impact of infection prevention measures in rehabilitation hospitals. Epidemiology investigations analyse trends in premature mortality, tuberculosis in diabetic patients, and public adherence to non-pharmacological COVID-19 measures. Physiotherapy research covers topics such as telerehabilitation through a developed game and the prevalence of congenital anomalies. Immunology studies explore immune responses in HIV and Leishmaniasis, whilst mycology investigates the biotechnological potential of fungi from the cerrado biome. Parasitology research evaluates treatment efficacy against vectors parasites such as Aedes aegypti and Toxoplasma gondii. Pathology articles discuss intentional intoxication in cattle and the influence of curcumin on acute kidney injury therapy. Collective health studies focus on intervention plan development in healthcare settings and pesticide use in horticulture. Lastly, virology research investigates parvovirus occurrence in hospitalised children during the COVID-19 pandemic, hidden hepatitis B virus infection in inmates, and the prevalence of HPV and HTLV-1/2 infections in specific populations.
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Background and Aim: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies and is one of the endemic diseases of Iran. With the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic worldwide, the virus will interface with endemic infectious diseases in different regions. In this study, coronavirus disease was evaluated in patients with a history of leishmaniasis referred to the Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with a history of leishmaniasis were studied for possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The number of patients referred to the Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy during the coronavirus epidemic was also compared with the same period before the epidemic Results: A total of 60% of patients with leishmaniasis did not report coronavirus disease. Twenty-one percent of cases had a mild corona disease, 13% had a moderate and 3% had severe corona disease. Only a single death was reported in corona patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The number of referrals before the beginning of the corona epidemic was twice as high as during the epidemic. Conclusion: In these participants, mortality and side effects of COVID-19 were significantly less reported. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the immune system and cutaneous leishmaniasis protection against COVID-19. Various factors can be effective in reducing patients during the epidemic, including not going to medical centers, reducing the number of trips, and observance of health issues.
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This paper describes the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, prevention and control of some infectious diseases in companion animals, livestock, wild animals and humans in Ontario, Canada, in 2022, including SARS-CoV-2;Echinococcus multilocularis, Leishmania spp. and SARS-CoV-2;antimicrobial stewardship resources;2 cases of rabid dogs imported from Iran (July 2021 and January 2022);prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriacea, Dirofilaria immitis, Brucella canis, canine parainfluenza and adeno- and herpes viruses in dogs recently imported from Asia;Paragonimus kellicotti lung flukes and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in dogs;African swine fever in pet pigs, backyard pigs and wild pigs and blastomycosis in dogs and humans.
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These proceedings contains 30 articles that covered various topics related to immunology and related fields. The conference papers presented focused on investigating the role of genetics, microbiome, and immunological pathways in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Studies presented at the conference explored the genetic factors associated with obesity in Brazilian children, the role of flavonoids in reprogramming microglia towards a neuroprotective inflammatory profile, the gut microbiome in asthmatic individuals, and the involvement of the MTOR gene and its variants in the severity of COVID-19. Other studies evaluated the immunodiagnostic potential of a protein exclusive to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, genetic markers associated with alcohol dependence and asthma, and the effects of nicotine on glial cells in Parkinson's disease. The conference also presented research on the molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-glioma and immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids, the influence of Trypanosoma cruzi co-infection on the immune response and clinical outcome of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and the association of metalloproteinase gene variants with periodontitis. Furthermore, the papers presented discussed the production of Zika virus singular peptide for the development of serological immunassays, and the role of genetic polymorphisms in the IL1B and IL6 genes in periodontitis. Lastly, the conference included research on the immunological response of broiler chickens fed with diet supplemented with zinc, and the modulatory effects of Agatis flavone on the glial response in an ex vivo model of brain trauma.
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This article discusses the global report on leishmaniasis surveillance, highlighting its significance as a major health problem in four eco-epidemiological regions of the world. The report provides an update on the GHO leishmaniasis indicators reported by 45 member states to WHO up to 2021 and describes specific indicators such as gender and age distribution, relapses, the AmBisomeR donation programme selected outbreaks, case fatality rates for visceral leishmaniasis, rates of co-infection with HIV and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and the burden of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. It also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on leishmaniasis surveillance efforts and the Kala-azar Elimination Programme in South-East Asia, as well as highlights adverse events after the administration of antileishmanial drugs and the need for continued surveillance efforts to control and eliminate leishmaniasis globally.
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This special issue consists of 17 papers dealing with issues animal health (captive and wild primates), environmental health (rain forests and mountain areas), and human health (the role of religion in One Health, lessons from the Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and other human-non-human primate interactions,and Covid-19).
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In this article the author discusses how electrophoresis can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases in animals such as feline infectious peritonitis, Leishmania infantum and neoplasms.
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This article is a 2021 update on the WHO report on the impact of COVID-19 on neglected tropical diseases (NTD) and the response appropriated by the WHO. In January 2021, and after almost 2 years of wide-ranging consultations, WHO launched the new NTD roadmap for 2021-2030 that provides a framework and actions to drive progress towards a world free of NTDs, contributing during this decade to the attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals through: fundamental shifts that put countries, communities and people at the centre of the agenda;supportive cross-sectoral actions, such as health, education, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene and;sustaining and accelerating progress towards the 2030 goals. Furthermore, the roadmap provides opportunities to evaluate, assess, and adjust programmatic actions, as and when needed, over the next decade by setting clear targets and milestones. Another distinct feature of this roadmap is to drive greater ownership by national and local governments, including communities. The overarching 2030 global targets are to: (1) reduce by 90% the number of people requiring interventions against NTDs;(2) have at least 100 countries having eliminated at least one NTD;(3) eradicate 2 diseases (dracunculiasis and yaws) and;(4) reduce by 75% the DALYs related to NTDs. The roadmap will enable future measuring of progress towards eradication, elimination and control of the 20 NTDs by tracking disease-specific targets. Additionally, the roadmap includes 10 cross-cutting targets relevant to progress in the areas of integration, multisectoral coordination, universal health coverage, and country ownership. Examples include a reduction by more than 75% in the number of deaths from vector-borne NTDs such as dengue and leishmaniasis;100% access to basic water supply, sanitation, and hygiene in areas endemic for NTDs;75% integrated treatment coverage index for preventive chemotherapy;90% countries including NTDs in their package of essential services, and 90% countries collecting and reporting NTD data disaggregated by gender.
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In September 2021 (from 00:00, 1 September to 24: 00, 30 September), a total of 500 929 cases of notifiable communicable diseases, including 2 172 deaths, were reported in China (except Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province, the same below). In communicable diseases in class A, no case and no death were reported. In communicable diseases in class B, no cases and no deaths of severe acute respiratory syndrome, poliomyelitis, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, diphtheria and human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus were reported. For the remaining 22 communicable diseases in class B, 272 332 cases were reported, a decrease of 0.9% compared with last month (274 917 cases) and a decrease of 5% compared with the same period in 2020 (287 923 cases). The first 5 diseases in terms of reported case number were viral hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea and brucellosis, accounting for 94% of the total reported cases in class B. A total of 2 172 deaths were reported, an increase of 5% (95 deaths) compared with last month (2 077 deaths) and a decrease of 5% compared with the same period in 2020 (2 291 deaths). According to the website of the National Health Commission of China, a total of 1 264 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported, without death, by 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 00:00, 1 September to 24: 00, 30 September, 2021. In class C communicable diseases, a total of 228 597 cases were reported, an increase of 10% compared with last month (207 153 cases) and a decrease of 7% compared with the same period in 2020 (247 112 cases). The first 3 diseases in terms of reported case number were other infectious diarrhea, hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and influenza, accounting for 93% of the total reported cases in class C. Compared with last month, except filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leprosy and other infectious diarrhea which decreased by 1 case, 11 cases (39%), 12 cases (33%) and 12 747 cases (12%) respectively, the reported cases of all other diseases increased, the diseases with obvious case increases were HFMD (15 352 cases, 22%), influenza (14 160 cases, 66%) and mumps (4 253 cases, 51%). Compared with the same period in 2020, the diseases with reported case increases were influenza (17 269 cases, 95%), visceral leishmaniasis (4 cases, 31%), rubella (19 cases, 27%) and typhus fever (32 cases, 18%), filariasis had no incidences in both years, and the diseases with obvious reported case decreases were HFMD (26 506 cases, 23%). other infectious diarrhea (5 628 cases, 6%) and mumps (523 cases, 4%). No death caused by class C communicable diseases was reported, same to the last month and a decrease of 3 deaths compared with the same period in 2020 (3 deaths).
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Objective: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Xuanbai Qingfei Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on account of network pharmacology.